The evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has been primarily analysed by its economic repercussions. However, technology also has consequences in the way societies and their political systems are structured.
Indeed, in a matter of twenty years, our understanding of mobilization, campaigning and participation has seen profound and rapid changes, thus forcing political actors to constantly transform. This is also the case of political parties, a basic structure of representative democracy, which have been immersed in an intense process of change and reforms, firstly to remain competitive in the electoral arena, and more recently to try to attract or maintain new members and affiliates.
This paper, firstly, introduces the main debates and topics concerning parties’ digital transformation and lays out a general view of digital structures and use of online tools within the selected cases, as well as specific initiatives found in some of the parties. Also, it intends to critically discuss the main patterns and principal features of digitalisation within EFA, and to propose some basic recommendations and some insights to build a future roadmap towards a more inclusive, effective and secure digitalisation.
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This publication is financially supported by the European Parliament. The European Parliament is not liable for the content of the publication or the opinions of the authors.
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Header photo by Christopher Burns on Unsplash.
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